Subclass482 Skills in Demand 簽證（或稱 SID 簽證）是一種由雇主贊助的臨時簽證，允許從事公認短缺職業的海外技術勞工在澳洲生活和工作。根據職業的不同，SID 簽證最長可批准兩年或四年。
SID 簽證除了提供澳洲雇主解決持續勞工短缺問題的絕佳方式外，也允許簽證持有人透過186 類雇主提名計畫簽證(或 ENS 簽證) 直接取得澳洲永久居留權。
成為永久居民對於簽證持有人及其合資格的家庭成員以及其雇主都有許多好處，雇主將有機會留住他們通過培訓和保薦而投入時間和金錢的技術工人。本文旨在說明透過 186 子類簽證計畫保薦主要 SID 簽證申請人成為永久居民的流程。
從 Skills in Demand 簽證通往 PR 之路
Subclass 482 Skills in Demand 簽證分為三個類別：核心技能流、勞工協議流和專門技能流。
Skills in Demand 簽證的要求相對簡單。簽證申請人需要有至少一年的相關工作經驗，並符合所有健康、英語語言及品格方面的要求。一旦獲得批准，主申請人及其申請中符合資格的任何親屬將可以在簽證有效期內在澳大利亞居住和工作，但限制條件是主申請人只能在提名職業中為其提名雇主工作。
482 子類簽證是雇主利用外國技術勞工的絕佳方式，但其主要限制在於該簽證為臨時簽證，有效期最長為四年。然而，解決 SID 臨時性質的方法是 186 種雇主提名計畫簽證，這是一種永久性簽證，允許被提名的員工及其符合資格的家庭成員在澳洲無限期地居住和工作。
186 Employer Nomination Scheme 永久簽證分為三個類別，即臨時居留過渡 (TRT) 類別、直接入境類別和勞動協議類別。本文的重點是臨時居留過渡類，因為這類簽證與 SID 簽證持有人的關係最密切。
即使申請人在持有 SID 簽證期間從未為雇主工作過，也可以申請直接入境流。簽證申請人需要至少三年的相關工作經驗，以及相關評估機構的正面技能評估，並需要提供與其技能和經驗相關的證明。
The Labour agreement and Temporary Residence Transition stream are directly related to the SID visa. Both streams require the primary applicant to have worked for their nominating employer for a minimum of two of the previous three years while holding a SID visa. For the labour agreement, the SID visa must have been under the labour agreement stream. For the TRT stream, the SID visa could have been in either the Core Skills or Specialist Skills stream.
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預約諮詢
如果您有興趣獲得有關簽證的更多資訊，請聯繫澳大利亞移民律師進行諮詢。
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獲得永久居留權的途徑
The main pathway to permanent residency for SID visa holders, as outlined above, would be the subclass 186 ENS visa. After recent changes to the requirements, visa holders in either the Core Skills or Specialist Skills stream may apply for the 186 visa after two years of full time work, as long as they are sponsored for the 186 by the same employer who sponsored the 482. This application is made through the Temporary Residence Transition stream of the 186.
簽證持有人亦可選擇透過其他簽證子類別（例如 189 類或 190 類）申請永久居留權，此類申請要求主申請人須獲得相關主管機關的技能評估通過，並根據積分結果透過 SkillSelect 系統提交簽證意向書。有關這些簽證選項的進一步資訊，請參閱我們的網頁。
For those on a regional-linked pathway, the subclass 494 Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (Provisional) visa can also lead to permanent residency through the subclass 191 Permanent Residence (Skilled Regional) visa, which has its own eligibility requirements, including a minimum period of holding an eligible visa and living/working in a designated regional area. This is a separate pathway to the 482-to-186 route described in this article.
最後，如果簽證持有人與澳洲公民或永久居民有婚姻或事實關係，則可申請在岸夥伴簽證成為澳洲永久居民。
申請人申請永久居留權的最佳永久簽證方案將根據申請人的個人情況，以及其保證人是否願意為其提供 186 PR 保證而決定。最終，在決定哪種途徑最適合您時，最好還是接受專業的移民建議，因為合格的專業人士可以讓您清楚瞭解所有可用的選擇以及每種選擇的優點或缺點。在澳洲移民律師事務所，我們曾與許多簽證持有人合作，協助他們瞭解其 PR 選項，並成功申請成為澳洲永久居民。
Some 482 visa holders may also consider a concurrent lodgement strategy, where a 186 nomination and visa application are prepared and lodged close in time to a 482 renewal or shortly after meeting the two-year work requirement, to minimise gaps in status. Whether this approach is appropriate depends heavily on individual circumstances and should be discussed with a migration lawyer, as timing errors in this area can have serious consequences for visa status.
過渡到 PR 的要求
在臨時居留過渡計劃下申請186類簽證的基本資格標準和簽證要求可總結如下：
- 您必須持有有效護照
- 您的僱主必須為您的職位提交提名，該職位必須與您之前的 482 簽證處於相同的提名職業
- 您必須在持有 482 簽證的前三年中，至少有兩年為雇主全職工作。
- 您必須具備提名職業所需的所有必要資格和/或註冊
- 您必須未滿 45 歲，除非適用豁免
- 您必須滿足相關的英語語言要求，18歲以上的申請人也需要提供英語成績
- 您必須滿足健康和品格要求
申請流程
使用 186 子類從簽證轉換為永久居留的過程可分為三個階段，即提名和簽證申請。
The Nomination must be lodged first, and is generally completed by the sponsoring employer. The nomination must be accompanied by evidence relating to the position, such as a position description and organisation chart, as well as evidence relating to the method used to calculate the salary, which must be over the minimum threshold of $79,423, plus super. When lodging the nomination, employers should always make sure that the tasks associated with the position would align with the ANZSCO description for the nominated occupation, and that the occupation is the same as the one that was used for the applicant’s subclass 482 visa.
通常將在 186 提名中提供的一些檔包括：
- 已簽署的雇傭合同
- 書面推薦信（TRT流）
- 職位詳情
- 薪資詳情
- 員工真正需要的證據（DE 流）
- 企業積極合法經營的證據
一旦提交提名，簽證申請人以及任何符合條件的家庭成員將需要申請簽證。對於 TRT 流，這將包括申請人在同一擔保雇主持有 482 簽證的同時全職工作兩年的證據。
186 TRT簽證申請通常附有以下檔：
- 護照
- 結婚證書（如適用）
- 出生證明
- 目前的履歷或簡歷
- 相關資格證明
- 註冊或執照證明（如適用）
- 前雇主的推薦信
- 您持簽證為目前雇主工作至少兩年的證據，例如薪資單、稅務評估、僱傭合約
- 醫療檢查
- 前居住國的警察通關證明
- 英語考試成績
If you lodge the visa application while onshore, you will generally receive a bridging visa, which will allow you to remain in Australia until a decision is made. Current processing times for the 186 visa have lengthened considerably since this figure was last reviewed. Independent sources report a median processing time in the region of 10 to 13 months, with approximately 90% of applications finalised within roughly 18 months, though this will depend on the quality of the application, the nominated occupation, and Departmental caseload at the time of lodgement.
一旦獲得批准，186簽證將允許簽證持有人和任何次要申請人無限期地在澳大利亞生活和工作。作為永久居民，簽證持有人將享受許多好處，包括不受限制的工作和學習權利、聯邦支持的學習、獲得醫療保險以及在滿足居住要求后申請澳大利亞公民身份的能力。簽證持有人的好處是不言自明的，但是這種簽證也極大地有利於擔保僱主，因為他們可以長期留住技術工人，而不必擔心監控他們的簽證狀態並在整個就業期間續簽簽證。
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挑戰與解決方案
Visa holders may encounter some obstacles when applying for PR under the 186 TRT. For example, any periods of unpaid leave will not count towards the minimum requirement of two years full-time employment on the subclass 482 visa. Furthermore, if you have applied for a 482 visa in the short-term stream, it would have been granted for a maximum of two years, which will mean that you may fall a few days short of the requirement when lodging the ENS application.
The Department of Home Affairs does have some leniency when it comes to the ENS application if applicants fall a few days short, which aims to prevent the necessity of applying for a further visa to bridge a small gap of a few days. This leniency is applied on a case by case basis, so it is important to seek advice from a professional if you are likely to fall short of the requirement to ensure that you would still be considered eligible.
It is also worth noting that work experience for the two-year TRT requirement does not need to come from a single continuous period with one employer in the strictest sense — periods of full-time work with different approved sponsors can, in some circumstances, be combined toward the two-year total within the relevant three-year window. This is a fact-specific area, and confirming exactly how your particular work history counts is best done with a migration lawyer before lodging.
此外，移民制度經常變動，而且通常幾乎不會事先通知。最近的變化似乎趨向於讓技術工人更容易獲得 PR，因為即使是短期簽證持有者也可能有資格獲得 PR，而且工作要求已從三年降至兩年。儘管這些趨勢是有利的，但利用訓練有素的專業人士（如律師或澳洲移民代理）的技能和專業知識，將可確保您在不斷變化的澳洲移民法領域中，掌握可能影響您資格的任何潛在變化的最新資訊。
澳大利亞移民律師的指導
在「澳洲移民律師事務所」，我們與擔保方及簽證申請人密切合作，共同制定最適切且最具成本效益的途徑，以招募技術人才。我們已為眾多簽證持有人提供移民諮詢服務，協助他們順利取得永久居留權；我們很自豪能協助許多外籍技術人才成功取得永久居留權。
使用技術嫻熟且經驗豐富的律師或澳大利亞移民代理可以極大地説明您駕馭澳大利亞移民法複雜多變的環境，確保您有最大的成功機會，並最大限度地減少滿足模糊和複雜的法律要求所涉及的麻煩。
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