从 "需求技能 "签证到永久居留权

482 类 "需求技能"签证（SID）是一种由雇主担保的临时签证，允许从事公认短缺职业的海外技术工人在澳大利亚生活和工作。根据职业的不同，SID 签证的有效期最长为两年或四年。

SID 签证不仅为澳大利亚雇主提供了解决工人短缺问题的绝佳途径，还允许签证持有者通过186 类雇主提名计划签证（或 ENS 签证）直接获得澳大利亚永久居留权。

成为永久居民对签证持有者及其符合条件的家庭成员以及雇主都有很多好处，雇主将有机会留住他们通过培训和担保而投入时间和金钱的技术工人。本文旨在解释通过 186 子类别签证计划担保初级 SID 签证申请人获得永久居民身份的流程。

从 "需求技能 "签证到公关之路

482 类需求技能签证分为三个类别：核心技能签证、劳务协议签证和专业技能签证。

需求技能签证的要求相对简单。签证申请人需要至少有一年的相关工作经验，并满足所有健康、英语语言和品行方面的要求。一旦获得批准，主申请人及其申请中任何符合条件的亲属均可在签证有效期内在澳大利亚生活和工作，但主申请人只能为其提名雇主从事提名职业。

482 子类签证是雇主利用外国技术劳工的绝佳途径，但其主要限制在于它是一种临时签证，有效期最长为四年。然而，186 类雇主提名计划签证（subclass 186 Employer Nomination Scheme visa）是解决 SID 临时性问题的一种办法，它是一种永久性签证，允许被提名的员工及其符合条件的家庭成员无限期地在澳大利亚生活和工作。

186 雇主提名计划永久签证分为三个类别，即临时居留过渡（TRT）类别、直接入境类别和劳动协议类别。本文的重点将放在临时居留过渡类别上，因为这是与 SID 签证持有者关系最密切的类别。

即使申请人在持有 SID 签证期间从未为雇主工作过，也可以申请直接入境。签证申请人需要至少三年的相关工作经验，以及相关评估机构的正面技能评估，并需要提供与其技能和经验相关的证据。

The Labour agreement and Temporary Residence Transition stream are directly related to the SID visa. Both streams require the primary applicant to have worked for their nominating employer for a minimum of two of the previous three years while holding a SID visa. For the labour agreement, the SID visa must have been under the labour agreement stream. For the TRT stream, the SID visa could have been in either the Core Skills or Specialist Skills stream.

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如果您想了解有关签证的更多信息，请联系澳大利亚移民律师进行咨询。

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获得永久居留权的途径

The main pathway to permanent residency for SID visa holders, as outlined above, would be the subclass 186 ENS visa. After recent changes to the requirements,  visa holders in either the Core Skills or Specialist Skills stream may apply for the 186 visa after two years of full time work, as long as they are sponsored for the 186 by the same employer who sponsored the 482. This application is made through the Temporary Residence Transition stream of the 186.

签证持有人还可以选择通过其他签证子类（例如189或190子类）申请永久居留权，这些签证要求主申请人获得相关主管部门的技能评估通过，并根据积分结果通过SkillSelect系统提交签证意向书。有关这些签证选项的更多信息，请访问我们的网页。

For those on a regional-linked pathway, the subclass 494 Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (Provisional) visa can also lead to permanent residency through the subclass 191 Permanent Residence (Skilled Regional) visa, which has its own eligibility requirements, including a minimum period of holding an eligible visa and living/working in a designated regional area. This is a separate pathway to the 482-to-186 route described in this article.

最后，如果签证持有者与澳大利亚公民或永久居民有婚姻关系或事实关系，则可申请陆上伴侣签证，成为澳大利亚永久居民。

申请人申请永久居留权的最佳永久签证方案将根据申请人的个人情况，以及其担保人是否愿意担保其获得 186 国的 PR 来决定。最终，在确定哪种途径最适合您时，最好听取专业的移民建议，因为合格的专业人士可以让您清楚地了解所有可用的选择以及每种选择的利弊。在澳大利亚移民律师事务所，我们曾与许多签证持有者合作，帮助他们了解自己的永久居民身份选择，并成功申请成为澳大利亚永久居民。

Some 482 visa holders may also consider a concurrent lodgement strategy, where a 186 nomination and visa application are prepared and lodged close in time to a 482 renewal or shortly after meeting the two-year work requirement, to minimise gaps in status. Whether this approach is appropriate depends heavily on individual circumstances and should be discussed with a migration lawyer, as timing errors in this area can have serious consequences for visa status.

过渡到 PR 的要求

根据临时居留过渡计划申请 186 子类别签证的基本资格标准和签证要求概述如下：

• 您必须持有有效护照
• 您的雇主必须为您提名一个职位，该职位必须与您之前的 482 签证提名职业相同
• 在持有 482 签证的前三年中，您必须至少有两年为雇主全职工作
• 您必须具备提名职业所需的所有必要资格和/或注册资格
• 您的年龄必须在 45 岁以下，除非有豁免规定
• 您必须满足相关的英语语言要求，18 岁以上的申请人还需提供英语成绩单
• 您必须符合健康和品格要求

申请程序

通过 186 子类别从签证过渡到永久居留权的过程可分为三个阶段，即提名和签证申请。

The Nomination must be lodged first, and is generally completed by the sponsoring employer. The nomination must be accompanied by evidence relating to the position, such as a position description and organisation chart, as well as evidence relating to the method used to calculate the salary, which must be over the minimum threshold of $79,423, plus super. When lodging the nomination, employers should always make sure that the tasks associated with the position would align with the ANZSCO description for the nominated occupation, and that the occupation is the same as the one that was used for the applicant’s subclass 482 visa.

186 项提名通常需要提供的文件包括

• 已签署的雇佣合同
• 一封书面推荐信（TRT 流）
• 职位详情
• 薪资详情
• 员工真正需要的证据（DE 流程）
• 企业积极合法经营的证据

提名递交后，签证申请人以及任何符合条件的家庭成员都需要申请签证。就 TRT 类别而言，这将包括申请人持有 482 签证并在同一担保雇主处全职工作两年的证据。

186 TRT 子类别签证申请一般会附带以下文件：

• 护照
• 结婚证书（如适用）
• 出生证明
• 当前简历或履历
• 相关资质证明
• 注册或执照证明（如适用）
• 前雇主的推荐信
• 您持签证为当前雇主工作至少两年的证据，如工资单、纳税评估、雇佣合同等
• 医疗检查 
• 前居住国的警察证明 
• 英语测试结果

If you lodge the visa application while onshore, you will generally receive a bridging visa, which will allow you to remain in Australia until a decision is made. Current processing times for the 186 visa have lengthened considerably since this figure was last reviewed. Independent sources report a median processing time in the region of 10 to 13 months, with approximately 90% of applications finalised within roughly 18 months, though this will depend on the quality of the application, the nominated occupation, and Departmental caseload at the time of lodgement.

一旦获得 186 签证，签证持有人和任何副申请人都可以无限期地在澳大利亚生活和工作。作为永久居民，签证持有者将享受一系列福利，包括不受限制的工作和学习权利、联邦支持的学习、享受医疗保险，以及在满足居住要求后申请澳大利亚公民身份的能力。签证持有者的好处不言自明，但该签证对担保雇主也大有裨益，因为他们可以长期留住技术工人，而不必担心在整个就业期间监控他们的签证状态和续签问题。

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挑战和解决方案

Visa holders may encounter some obstacles when applying for PR under the 186 TRT. For example, any periods of unpaid leave will not count towards the minimum requirement of two years full-time employment on the subclass 482 visa. Furthermore, if you have applied for a 482 visa in the short-term stream, it would have been granted for a maximum of two years, which will mean that you may fall a few days short of the requirement when lodging the ENS application.

The Department of Home Affairs does have some leniency when it comes to the ENS application if applicants fall a few days short, which aims to prevent the necessity of applying for a further  visa to bridge a small gap of a few days. This leniency is applied on a case by case basis, so it is important to seek advice from a professional if you are likely to fall short of the requirement to ensure that you would still be considered eligible.

It is also worth noting that work experience for the two-year TRT requirement does not need to come from a single continuous period with one employer in the strictest sense — periods of full-time work with different approved sponsors can, in some circumstances, be combined toward the two-year total within the relevant three-year window. This is a fact-specific area, and confirming exactly how your particular work history counts is best done with a migration lawyer before lodging.

此外，移民制度经常发生变化，而且往往没有提前通知。最近的变化似乎有使技术工人更容易获得永久居民身份的趋势，因为即使是短期签证持有者也有资格获得永久居民身份，而且工作要求已从三年降至两年。虽然这些趋势是有利的，但利用训练有素的专业人士（如律师或澳大利亚移民代理）的技能和专业知识，将确保您在澳大利亚移民法这个瞬息万变的领域中，及时了解任何可能影响您资格的潜在变化。 

澳大利亚移民律师的指导

在澳大利亚移民律师事务所，我们与担保方及签证申请人通力合作，共同确定最合适且最具成本效益的途径，以引进技术工人。我们已为众多签证持有人提供了移民咨询服务，帮助他们顺利获得永久居留权，并自豪地宣布，我们已协助许多外国技术工人成功获得了永久居留权。

使用技术娴熟、经验丰富的律师或澳大利亚移民代理，可以极大地帮助您驾驭复杂多变的澳大利亚移民法，确保您获得最大的成功机会，并最大限度地减少因满足模糊而复杂的法律要求所带来的麻烦。